13% of sky covered by mysterious fast-moving gas, shows map

Sydney, Dec 5 (IANS) At least 13 per cent of the sky is covered by high-velocity clouds of gas moving at speeds of hundreds of kilometres per second, suggests a detailed map of these clouds in the universe around us.

The map covers the entire sky and shows curious clouds of neutral hydrogen gas that are moving at a different speed to the normal rotation of the Milky Way.

"These gas clouds are moving towards or away from us at speeds of up to a few hundred kilometres per second," said the creator of the map Tobias Westmeier of the University of Western Australia, node of the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research.

The map, published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, was compiled by taking a picture of the sky and masking out gas that is moving at the same pace as the Milky Way to show the location of gas travelling at a different speed.

It resulted in what is believed to be the most sensitive and highest-resolution all-sky map of high-velocity clouds ever created.

It shows the gas in great detail, revealing never-before seen filaments, branches and clumps within the clouds.

"Starting to see all that structure within these high-velocity clouds is very exciting," Westmeier said.

"It's something that wasn't really visible in the past, and it could provide new clues about the origin of these clouds and the physical conditions within them," he added.

The research used data from a survey known as HI4PI, a study of the entire sky released late last year.

The survey combined observations from Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation's Parkes Observatory in Australia and the Effelsberg 100m Radio Telescope operated by the Max-Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Germany.

Astronomers had proposed several hypotheses about where high-velocity clouds come from.

"We know for certain the origin of one of the long trails of gas, known as the Magellanic Stream, because it seems to be connected to the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds," he said.

"But all the rest, the origin is unknown."

Until about a decade ago, even the distances to high-velocity clouds had been a mystery, Westmeier said.

"We now know that the clouds are very close to the Milky Way, within about 30,000 light years of the disc," he said.

"That means it's likely to either be gas that is falling into the Milky Way or outflows from the Milky Way itself," Westmeier said.

The map will be freely available to astronomers around the world, helping them to learn more about high-velocity clouds and the universe.

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