"Video gaming is neither good nor bad, but its level of use makes it so," said Jesus Pujol, doctor at the Hospital del Mar in Spain.
He and his colleagues investigated the relationship between weekly video game use and certain cognitive abilities and conduct-related problems.
In their study, published in the journal Annals of Neurology, 2,442 children aged between 7 to 11 years were studied and found that playing video games for one hour per week was associated with better motor skills and higher school achievement scores.
The team also found that weekly time spent gaming was steadily linked with conduct problems, peer conflicts, and reduced social abilities, with such negative effects being especially prominent in children who played nine or more hours of video games each week.
When the investigators looked at magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brains of a subgroup of children, they noted that gaming was linked with changes in basal ganglia white matter and functional connectivity in brain.
"Gaming use was associated with better function in brain circuits critical for learning based on the acquisition of new skills through practice," Pujol explained.
Children traditionally acquire motor skills through action, for instance in relation to sports and outdoor games. Neuroimaging research suggested that training with desktop virtual environments is also capable of modulating brain systems that support motor skill learning.
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