It's China's first gold medal in the event since the 2004 Athens Games where Hu Jia clinched the title, Xinhua news agency reported.
Chen on Saturday became the first Chinese diver to win both the men's individual and synchronised platform titles at Olympic Games.
"I didn't think too much in the final, but I have expected to win the two gold medals, actually it is my goal," said Chen, runner-up of the event at the World Cup on February.
China has won seven out of a possible eight diving gold medals at the Rio Games.
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