The world champion cleared 2.38m at the Olympic Stadium on Tuesday to beat Qatar's Mutaz Essa Barshim, whose best effort was 2.36m, Xinhua news agency reported.
Ukraine's Bohdan Bondarenko grabbed bronze with 2.33m.
Drouin put in a flawless display, clearing the bar in each of his six attempts.
The 26-year-old claimed the bronze medal in the event at the London 2012 Games.
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